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The channels are numbered. When rendered, the output from channel 1 is rendered to the first output track in the file or the first sound card channel of the sound card. Later channels are rendered to output tracks numbered consecutively. The audio channel positions correspond to where in the panning widgets each of the audio outputs is located. The closer the panning position is to one of the audio outputs, the more signal that speaker gets. Click on a speaker icon and drag to change the audio channel location. The speakers can be in any orientation. A different speaker arrangement is stored for every number of audio channels since normally you do not want the same speaker arrangement for different numbers of channels.
Channel positions is the only setting that does not affect the output necessarily. It is merely a convenience, so that when more than two channels are used, the pan controls on the timeline can distinguish between them. It has nothing to do with the actual arrangement of speakers. Different channels can be positioned very close together to make them have the same output.